In addition to the basic AND, OR, and phrase searches, Google offers some rather extensive special syntax for narrowing your searches.
But most people don't use google to its best advantage. Do you just plug in a keyword or two and hope for the best? That may be the quickest way to search, but with more than eight billion pages in Google's index, it's still a struggle to pare results to a manageable number.
But Google is an remarkably powerful tool that can ease and enhance your Internet exploration. Google's search options go beyond simple keywords, the Web, and even its own programmers. Let's look at some of Google's lesser-known options.
Syntax Search Tricks:
Using a special syntax is a way to tell Google that you want to restrict your searches to certain elements or characteristics of Web pages. Google has a fairly complete list of its syntax elements at
www.google.com/help/operators.html
Following are descriptions of the special syntax elements, ordered by common usage and function
intitle:
intitle: restricts your search to the titles of web pages. The variation allintitle: finds pages wherein all the words specified appear in the title of the web page. Using allintitle: is basically the same as using the intitle: before each keyword.
intitle:"george bush"
allintitle:"money supply" economics
You may wish to avoid the allintitle: variation, because it doesn't mix well with some of the other syntax elements.
intext:
intext: searches only body text (i.e., ignores link text, URLs, and titles). While its uses are limited, it's perfect for finding query words that might be too common in URLs or link titles.
Intext:"yahoo.com"
Intext:html
There's an allintext: variation, but again, this doesn't play well with others.
inanchor:
inanchor: searches for text in a page's link anchors. A link anchor is the descriptive text of a link. For example, the link anchor in the HTML code
inanchor:"tutorial-net"
As with other in*: syntax elements, there's an allinanchor: variation, which works in a similar way (i.e., all the keywords specified must appear in a page's link anchors).
Link:
Lets you see which pages are linking to your Web page or to another page you're interested in. For example, try typing in
link:http://www.pcmag.com
Use this for less effort typing LINK
http://www.google.com/help/features.html#link
site:
site: allows you to narrow your search by either a site or a top-level domain. The AltaVista search engine, by contrast, has two syntax elements for this function (host: and domain:), but Google has only the one.
site:loc.gov
site:thomas.loc.gov
site:edu
site:nc.us
Be aware that site: is no good for trying to search for a page that exists beneath the main or default site (i.e., in a subdirectory such as /~sam/album/). For example, if you're looking for something below the main GeoCities site, you can't use site: to find all the
pages in http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Meadows/6485/; Google returns no results. Use
inurl: instead site:
inurl:
restricts your search to the URLs of web pages. This syntax tends to work well for finding search and help pages, because they tend to be rather regular in composition. An
allinurl: variation finds all the words listed in a URL but doesn't mix well with some other special syntax.
inurl:help
allinurl:search help
You'll see that using the inurl: query instead of the site: query has one immediate advantage you can use it to search subdirectories. While the http:// prefix in a URL is ignored by Google when used with site:, search results come up short when including it in an inurl: query. Be sure to remove prefixes in any inurl: query for the best (read: any) results.
You can also use inurl: in combination with the site: syntax to draw out information on subdomains. For example, how many subdomains does google.com really have? A quick query will help you figure that out:
site:google.com -inurl:www.google.com
This query asks Google to list all pages from the google.com domain, but leave out those pages which are from the common subdomain www, since you already know about that one
Do you ever wonder how many subdomains google has.I wondered!!!!
cache:
cache: finds a copy of the page that Google indexed even if that page is no longer available at its original URL or has since changed its content completely.
cache:tutorial-net.blogspot.com
If Google returns a result that appears to have little to do with your query, you're almost sure to find what you're looking for in the latest cached version of the page at Google. The Google cache is particularly useful for retrieving a previous version of a page that changes often.
filetype:
filetype: searches the suffixes or filename extensions. These are usually, but not
necessarily, different file types; filetype:htm and filetype:html will give you different result counts, even though they're the same file type. You can even search for different page generators—such as ASP, PHP, CGI, and so forth—presuming the site isn't hiding them behind redirection and proxying. Google indexes several different Microsoft formats, including PowerPoint (.ppt), Excel (.xls), and Word (.doc).
“C puls plus” filetype:pdf
"Tt books" filetype:doc
related:
related:, as you might expect, finds pages that are related to the specified page. This is a good way to find categories of pages; a search for related:google.com returns a variety of search engines, including Lycos, Yahoo!, and Northern Light.
related:www.yahoo.com
related:www.cnn.com
While an increasingly rare occurrence, you'll find that not all pages are related to other page
info:
info: provides a page of links to more information about a specified URL. This information includes a link to the URL's cache, a list of pages that link to the URL, pages that are related to the URL, and pages that contain the URL.
info:tutorial-net.blogspot.com
info:www.nytimes.com/technology
Note that this information is dependent on whether Google has indexed the specified URL; if not information will obviously be far more limited.
phonebook:
phonebook: as you might expect, looks up phone numbers.
phonebook:Mike Doe CA
phonebook:(511) 556-2525
Daterange:
daterange: limits your search to a particular date or range of dates on which a page was indexed. It's important to note that a daterange: search has nothing to do with when a page was created, but when it was indexed by Google. So a page created on February 2 but not indexed by Google until April 11 would turn up in a daterange: search for April 11.
"Geri Halliwell" "Spice Girls" daterange:2450958-2450968
You can find converters on the Web such as
http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/JulianDate.html
but an easier way is to do a Google Daterange: search by filling in a form at
www.faganfinder.com/engines/google.shtml
If one special syntax element is good, two must be better, right? Sometimes. Though someoperators can't be mixed (you can't use the link: operator with anything else) many can be, quickly narrowing your results to a less overwhelming number.
Wanna my favorite searching keywords found by me::
site:blogspot.com inurl:tutorial,technology,IT,security
(Because blogspot is funny way to wide range of informations)
